《油气储运》

【目的】随着“双碳”战略目标持续推进，CO2管道设计建设进入快速发展期。长距离CO2管道运输常以超临界/密相态运行，管输介质密度大、相态复杂多变，工况变化、设备启停等引发的水击风险亟需评估。【方法】为了明确超临界CO2管道的水击特性，针对中国某含杂质超临界CO2管道，采用OLGA软件建立瞬态模型研究地形起伏情况下含杂质超临界CO2管道的水击问题，并与水击压力理论公式计算结果进行对比。【结果】在高程起伏的CO2管道中，沿线最低点容易出现水击超压失稳或低压导致相变的风险，在管道压力设计时应在理论计算的水击压力幅值基础上增加最高点的高程水柱压力以防止水击超压，在规定最低运行压力时也应该考虑最低点的高程水柱压力防止水击负压产生相变。相较于纯CO2，当管内存在密度小于CO2的杂质时，水击压力幅值降低，水击周期增长，可以有效降低CO2管道的水击危害。【结论】在CO2管道工程设计中，建议将水击理论公式与考虑高程的瞬态仿真模型相结合来计算水击安全问题，尤其注意管道全线的低点位置。关于杂质含量的指标制定，不仅要考虑水击问题，还需根据经济比选，腐蚀、泄漏、减压波、韧性止裂等风险评价以及上游碳源的情况综合分析。（图7，表2，参[20]）

[Objective] The ongoing promotion of “dual carbon” strategic goals has accelerated the design and construction of CO2 pipelines. Long-distance CO2 pipeline transportation typically operates in a supercritical or dense phase state, where the high medium density and complex phase behavior necessitate an urgent assessment of water hammer risks due to changes in operating conditions and equipment startup/shutdown. [Methods] To clarify the water hammer characteristics of supercritical CO2 pipelines, a transient model was developed using OLGA software, focusing on a supercritical CO2 pipeline containing impurities in China. This study examined the water hammer issue under topographic relief and compared the results with those obtained from the theoretical formula of water hammer pressure. [Results] In the CO2 pipeline with fluctuating elevations, the lowest point was susceptible to water hammer overpressure instability or phase transition due to low pressure. To mitigate this risk during pipeline pressure design, the water column pressure at the highest elevation point should be added to the theoretically calculated water hammer pressure amplitude. Additionally, when determining the minimum operating pressure, the water column pressure at the lowest elevation point should be considered to prevent phase changes caused by water hammer negative pressure. Compared with pure CO2, the presence of impurities with a density lower than CO2 in the pipeline reduced the water hammer pressure amplitude and increased the water hammer period, thereby effectively mitigating the water hammer risk in CO2 pipelines. [Conclusion] In CO2 pipeline engineering design, it is advisable to integrate the theoretical formula of water hammer with a transient simulation model that accounts for elevation to address water hammer issues, particularly focusing on the low points of the entire pipeline. In establishing impurity content indexes, it is essential to consider not only water hammer but also economic comparisons, risk evaluations (including corrosion, leakage, decompression waves, and ductile crack arrest), and a comprehensive analysis of upstream carbon sources. (7 Figures, 2 Tables, 20 References)

引言
1 CO₂管道水击模型
2 结果分析
3 结论

图1 中国某CO2管道沿线高程图Fig. 1 Elevation diagram along the CO2 pipeline in China

图2 某CO2管道稳态运行工况下的温降压降曲线Fig. 2 Temperature drop and pressure drop curves of the CO2 pipeline under steady-state operating conditions

图3 相同条件下水管道与CO2管道末站水击后113.2 km处的压力随时间变化曲线Fig. 3 Post-water-hammer pressure curves over time of the last station at 113.2 km in the H2O pipeline and CO2 pipeline under identical conditions

表1 CO2管道与水管道中水击压力理论计算结果表Table 1 Theoretical calculation results of water hammer pressure in the CO2 pipeline and H2O pipeline

图4 首站与末站同时关停后不同水击位置处水击压力随时间变化曲线Fig. 4 Water hammer pressure change curves over time at varying water hammer positions following simultaneous shutdown of the first and last stations 14.5

图5 中间阀室关停后不同水击位置处水击压力随时间变化曲线Fig. 5 Water hammer pressure change curves over time at varying water hammer positions following shutdown of the intermediate valve chamber

图6 不同阀室水击后不同位置处最大水击压力、水击周期与理论计算结果对比图Fig. 6 Comparison of the maximum water hammer pressure, water hammer periods and theoretical calculation results at different positions after water hammer in different valve chambers

表2 不同杂质组分工况下CO2管道水击理论计算结果表Table 2 Theoretical calculation results of water hammer in the CO2 pipeline under varying impurity compositions

图7 不同杂质组分下产生水击后起点的压力变化曲线Fig. 7 Pressure change curves at the starting point after water hammer under different impurity components

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备注

引言

1 CO2管道水击模型

2 结果分析

3 结论

1 CO₂管道水击模型