《油气储运》

天然气管道掺氢输送技术研究进展

李天娇¹，谢飞^1,2，张瑛³，王丹^1,2，孙东旭^1,2，吴明^1,2

1.辽宁石油化工大学石油天然气工程学院;2.辽宁省油气储运技术重点实验室;3.新疆油田公司工程技术研究院

Advancements in hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline transmission technology

LI Tianjiao¹，XIE Fei^1,2，ZHANG Ying³，WANG Dan^1,2，SUN Dongxu^1,2，WU Ming^1,2

1.School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University; 2.Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Technology in Liaoning Province; 3.Engineering Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company

Keywords：hydrogen-blended natural gas, pipeline transmission, adaptability, safety

DOI: 10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2024.12.002

备注

摘要

全文

图/表

参考文献

【目的】化石能源的减少与环境问题的日益加剧迫使人们不断加大对新能源的开发利用，氢能因资源丰富、清洁无污染而备受关注。利用现有天然气管道掺氢输送是实现“双碳”目标的有效途径之一，但掺氢所带来的安全隐患不容忽视。【方法】为了促进氢经济的安全发展，从掺氢天然气管道输送流程的研究出发，总结了掺氢输送系统中管道、调压设备、储存设备、计量设备及终端应用等方面的研究现状，探讨了掺氢对压缩机、储氢瓶、流量计、燃具及燃气轮机等设备性能的影响，阐明了配送管道与干线管道的氢脆风险。在此基础上，对未来氢气管道输送技术的研究方向进行了展望。【结果】在天然气管道掺氢输送过程中，需重点考虑掺氢对各个流程的影响；依据设备与管道工况的不同确定合适的掺氢比，并结合性能参数的变化情况加以调整，避免因掺氢所引发的安全事故。【结论】目前中国的天然气管道掺氢技术研究已取得一定成就，但需进一步突破技术难点，并对氢脆、渗透、泄漏等机理进行系统性剖析。同时，亟需建设完善的天然气管道掺氢输送设计、施工、运行技术标准体系，以期加快天然气管道掺氢相关规程与标准的制定。（图1，参[81]）

[Objective] The depletion of fossil energy and growing environmental challenges have necessitated a continuous focus on the development and utilization of renewable energy sources. Hydrogen energy, in particular, has garnered significant attention for its abundant resources and clean, pollution-free characteristics. Utilizing existing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen-blended transmission offers an effective means to achieve “ dual carbon” goals. However, potential safety hazards associated with this method must not be overlooked. [Methods] To promote the safe development of the hydrogen economy, this paper examined the pipeline transmission of hydrogen-blended natural gas. It summarized the current research on pipelines, pressure-regulating equipment, storage systems, metering devices, and terminal applications within the hydrogen-blended transmission framework. Additionally, it discussed the impact of hydrogen blending on the performance of compressors, hydrogen storage cylinders, flowmeters, gas appliances, gas turbines, and other equipments, while identifying the risk of hydrogen embrittlement in distribution and trunk pipelines. On this basis, the future research directions for hydrogen pipeline transmission technology were explored. [Results] During hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline transmission, it should pay close attention to the impact of hydrogen blending on each process, establish the appropriate blending ratio based on the specific working conditions of equipment and pipelines, and adjust it according to changes in performance parameters to prevent safety accidents. [Conclusion] Currently, China has made some advancements in the hydrogen blending technology for natural gas pipelines; however, further breakthroughs are needed to address technical challenges and systematically analyze mechanisms such as hydrogen embrittlement, permeation, and leakage. It is imperative to establish a comprehensive technical standard system for the design, construction, and operation of hydrogen-blended natural gas pipelines to lead or participate in the development of relevant international regulations and standards. (1 Figure, 81 References)

引言
1 天然气掺氢输送流程
2 掺氢对天然气输送流程的影响
3 结论

[1] 曹蕃，陈坤洋，郭婷婷，金绪良，王海刚，张丽. 氢能产业发展技术路径研究[J]. 分布式能源，2020，5（1）：1−8. 10.16513/j.2096-2185.DE.1901124. CAO F，CHEN K Y，GUO T T，JIN X L，WANG H G，ZHANG L. Research on technological path of hydrogen energy industry development[J]. Distributed Energy，2020，5(1): 1−8.
[2] 程婉静，李俊杰，刘欢，田亚峻. 两种技术路线的煤制氢产业链生命周期成本分析[J]. 煤炭经济研究，2020，40（3）：4−11. 10.13202/j.cnki.cer.2020.03.002. CHENG W J，LI J J，LIU H，TIAN Y J. Analysis of life cycle cost of coal hydrogen production chain based on two technical routes[J]. Coal Economic Research，2020，40(3): 4−11.
[3] 李璐伶，樊栓狮，陈秋雄，杨光，温永刚. 储氢技术研究现状及展望[J]. 储能科学与技术，2018，7（4）：586−594. 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0062. LI L L，FAN S S，CHEN Q X，YANG G，WEN Y G. Hydrogen storage technology: Current status and prospects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology，2018，7(4): 586−594.
[4] 于蓬，王健，郑金凤，张亮修，王恒元. 氢能利用与发展综述[J].汽车实用技术，2019（24）：22−25. 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2019.24.008. YU P，WANG J，ZHENG J F，ZHANG L X，WANG H Y. Review on hydrogen energy utilization and development[J]. Automobile Applied Technology，2019(24): 22−25.
[5] SHARDEO V，SARKAR B D. Adoption of hydrogen-fueled freight transportation: a strategy toward sustainability[J]. Business Strategy and the Environment，2024，33(2): 223−240. DOI: 10.1002/bse.3482.
[6] 程诺，刘潇潇，曹勇. 全球主要经济体氢能战略及项目布局特点分析[J]. 石油石化绿色低碳，2022，7（2）：1−5. 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0942.2022.02.001. CHENG N，LIU X X，CAO Y. Analysis on hydrogen strategy and project layout of major economies[J]. Green Petroleum & Petroche-micals，2022，7(2): 1−5.
[7] 赵永志，张鑫，郑津洋，顾超华，张林. 掺氢天然气管道输送安全技术[J]. 化工机械，2016，43（1）：1−7. 10.3969/j.issn.0254-6094.2016.01.001. ZHAO Y Z，ZHANG X，ZHENG J Y，GU C H，ZHANG L. Safety technology for pipeline transportation of hydrogen-natural gas mixtures[J]. Chemical Engineering & Machinery，2016，43(1): 1−7.
[8] 于子龙，张立业，宁晨，孙钢，刘泓芳，安振华，等. 天然气掺氢管道输运及终端应用[J]. 力学与实践，2022，44（3）：491−502. 10.6052/1000-0879-21-558. YU Z L，ZHANG L Y，NING C，SUN G，LIU H F，AN Z H，et al. Natural gas hydrogen mixing pipeline transportation and terminal application[J]. Mechanics in Engineering，2022，44(3): 491−502.
[9] 黄逊青. 氢气归来：富氢天然气的利用前景[J]. 电器，2020（9）：74−78. 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8823.2020.09.032. HUANG X Q. Hydrogen return: the utilization prospect of hydrogen-rich natural gas[J]. China Appliance，2020(9): 74−78.
[10] PELLEGRINI M，GUZZINI A，SACCANI C. A preliminary assessment of the potential of low percentage green hydrogen blending in the Italian natural gas network[J]. Energies，2020，13(21): 5570. DOI: 10.3390/en13215570.
[11] ZHOU D J，LI T T，HUANG D W，WU Y，HUANG Z S，XIAO W，et al. The experiment study to assess the impact of hydrogen blended natural gas on the tensile properties and damage mechanism of X80 pipeline steel[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2021，46(10): 7402−7414. DOI: 10.1016/j. ijhydene.2020.11.267.
[12] MARTIN M L，CONNOLLY M，BUCK Z N，BRADLEY P E，LAURIA D，SLIFKA A J. Evaluating a natural gas pipeline steel for blended hydrogen service[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering，2022，101: 104529. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2022. 104529.
[13] DADFARNIA M，SOFRONIS P，BROUWER J，SOSA S. Assessment of resistance to fatigue crack growth of natural gas line pipe steels carrying gas mixed with hydrogen[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2019，44(21): 10808−10822. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.216.
[14] MELAINA M W，ANTONIA O，PENEV M. Blending hydrogen into natural gas pipeline networks. A review of key issues:NREL/TP-5600-51995[R]. Golden: National Renewable Energy Laboratory，2013: 1–11.
[15] LI J F，SU Y，YU B，WANG P，SUN D L. Influences of hydrogen blending on the Joule-Thomson coefficient of natural gas[J]. ACS Omega，2021，6(26): 16722−16735. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega. 1c00248.
[16] 吴嫦. 天然气掺混氢气使用的可行性研究[D]. 重庆：重庆大学，2018. WU C. Feasibility study on blending hydrogen into natural gas distribution networks[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University，2018.
[17] 金钟翔，黄冠文，刘译文，孙楠，符少权. 不同气源混气对天然气流量计量的影响分析[J]. 计量学报，2020，41（增刊1）：32−36. 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1158.2020.Z1.07. JIN Z X，HUANG G W，LIU Y W，SUN N，FU S Q. Analysis of influence of different gas source mixture on natural gas flow measurement[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica，2020，41(S1): 32−36.
[18] 李明，陈敏，王红. 混氢天然气燃气互换性分析[J]. 中国石油和化工标准与质量，2022，42（11）：87−89. 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4076.2022.11.032. LI M，CHEN M，WANG H. Interchangeability analysis of mixed hydrogen natural gas[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality，2022，42(11): 87−89.
[19] JONES D R，AL-MASRY W A，DUNNILL C W. Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: an analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK[J]. Sustainable Energy & Fuels，2018，2(4):710−723. DOI: 10.1039/C7SE00598A.
[20] ZHAO Y，MCDONELL V，SAMUELSEN S. Influence of hydrogen addition to pipeline natural gas on the combustion performance of a cooktop burner[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2019，44(23): 12239−12253. DOI: 10.1016/j. ijhydene.2019.03.100.
[21] 李孝堂. 燃气轮机的发展及中国的困局[J]. 航空发动机，2011，37（3）：1−7. 10.3969/j.issn.1672-3147.2011.03.002. LI X T. Development of gas turbine and dilemma in China[J]. Aeroengine，2011，37(3): 1−7.
[22] 王玮，王秋岩，邓海全，程光旭，李云. 天然气管道输送混氢天然气的可行性[J]. 天然气工业，2020，40（3）：130−136. 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2020.03.016. WANG W，WANG Q Y，DENG H Q，CHENG G X，LI Y. Feasibility analysis on the transportation of hydrogen-natural gas mixtures in natural gas pipelines[J]. Natural Gas Industry，2020，40(3): 130−136.
[23] 周静. 天然气管线掺混氢气的特性分析[D]. 抚顺：辽宁石油化工大学，2020. ZHOU J. Characteristic analysis of mixing hydrogen in natural gas pipeline[D]. Fushun: Liaoning Petrochemical University，2020.
[24] 朱建鲁，周慧，李玉星，李方圆. 掺氢天然气输送管道设计动态模拟[J]. 天然气工业，2021，41（11）：132−142. 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2021.11.014. ZHU J L，ZHOU H，LI Y X，LI F Y. Dynamic simulation of hydrogen blending natural gas transportation pipeline design[J]. Natural Gas Industry，2021，41(11): 132−142.
[25] 张朝山，熊树生，任晓帅，姚红，徐进，谢莲，等. 天然气掺氢发动机燃气供给系统设计与试验研究[J]. 兵工学报，2012，33（10）：1162−1167. 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2012.10.002. ZHANG C S，XIONG S S，REN X S，YAO H，XU J，XIE L，et al. Design of hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas engine fuel system and test research[J]. Acta Armamentarii，2012，33(10):1162−1167.
[26] BAINIER F，KURZ R. Impacts of H2 blending on capacity and efficiency on a gas transport network[C]. Phoenix: ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition，2019: V009T27A014.
[27] 王春光，邓德伟，王永，刘丹，关锰. 离心压缩机一级叶轮开裂分析[C]. 上海：2009年全国失效分析学术会议论文集，2009：228−231. WANG C G，DENG D W，WANG Y，LIU D，GUAN M. Analysis of cracking in the first stage impeller of centrifugal compressor[M]. Shanghai: Proceedings of the 2009 National Conference on Failure Analysis，2009: 228−231.
[28] 陈珂，王硕琨，杜文海，张伟. 天然气管道掺氢输送对离心压缩机气动性能的影响[J]. 油气储运，2023，42（4）：398−406. 10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2023.04.004. CHEN K，WANG S K，DU W H，ZHANG W. Influence of hydrogen-blended natural gas via pipeline transportation on aerodynamic performance of centrifugal compressor[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation，2023，42(4): 398−406.
[29] 郑津洋，马凯，周伟明，胡军，顾超华，花争立. 加氢站用高压储氢容器[J]. 压力容器，2018，35（9）：35−42，54. 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2018.09.006. ZHENG J Y，MA K，ZHOU W M，HU J，GU C H，HUA Z L. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage vessel for hydrogen refueling station[J]. Pressure Vessel Technology，2018，35(9):35−42，54.
[30] 许彤，吴浩志，陈林，董绍华，郭宝玲，李夏喜，等. 基于FLUENT模拟的储罐掺氢装置掺混过程及掺氢比对管道运行参数影响研究[J]. 力学与实践，2023，45（2）：314−324. 10.6052/1000-0879-23-045. XU T，WU H Z，CHEN L，DONG S H，GUO B L，LI X X，et al. Study of blending process and hydrogen ratio for the hydrogen blending device in the tank on the pipeline operation parameters by FLUENT simulations[J]. Mechanics in Engineering，2023，45(2): 314−324.
[31] 张鑫. 高压储氢气瓶用4130X钢氢脆试验研究及裂纹容限评定[D]. 杭州：浙江大学，2016.ZHANG X. Experimental study on hydrogen embrittlement of 4130X for application of high pressure hydrogen storage and safety assessment of crack tolerance[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University，2016.
[32] NGUYEN T T，HEO H M，PARK J，NAHM S H，BEAK U B. Damage assessment and mechanical performance of Cr-Mo steel used in hydrogen storage vessels[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis，2021，120: 105031. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.105031.
[33] HUA Z L，ZHANG X，ZHENG J Y，GU C H，CUI T C，ZHAO Y Z，et al. Hydrogen-enhanced fatigue life analysis of Cr–Mo steel high-pressure vessels[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2017，42(16): 12005−12014. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017. 02.103.
[34] DELL'ISOLA M，FICCO G，MORETTI L，JAWORSKI J，KULAGA P，KUKULSKA-ZAJĄC E. Impact of hydrogen injection on natural gas measurement[J]. Energies，2021，14(24):8461. DOI: 10.3390/en14248461.
[35] DEYMI-DASHTEBAYAZ M，EBRAHIMI-MOGHADAM A，PISHBIN S I，POURRAMEZAN M. Investigating the effect of hydrogen injection on natural gas thermo-physical properties with various compositions[J]. Energy，2019，167: 235−245. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.186.
[36] DE VRIES H，MOKHOV A V，LEVINSKY H B. The impact of natural gas/hydrogen mixtures on the performance of end-use equipment: interchangeability analysis for domestic appliances[J]. Applied Energy，2017，208: 1007−1019. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy. 2017.09.049.
[37] 张镨，周理，张佩颖，罗勤，蒲长胜. 天然气管道掺氢对天然气分析计量的影响[J]. 天然气工业，2023，43（8）：135−145. 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2023.08.013. ZHANG P，ZHOU L，ZHANG P Y，LUO Q，PU C S. Influence of hydrogen blending in natural gas pipeline on natural gas analysis and measurement[J]. Natural Gas Industry，2023，43(8): 135−145.
[38] HAESELDONCKX D，D'HAESELEER W. The use of the natural-gas pipeline infrastructure for hydrogen transport in a changing market structure[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2007，32(10/11): 1381−1386. DOI: 10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2006. 10.018.
[39] 褚武扬. 氢致开裂和应力腐蚀机理的前沿问题[J]. 腐蚀科学与防护技术，1993，5（3）：151−157. CHU W Y. A review of mechanisms of hydrogen-induced cracking and stress corrosion cracking[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology，1993，5(3): 151−157.
[40] ATRENS A，LIU Q，TAPIA-BASTIDAS C，GRAY G，IRWANTO B，VENEZUELA J，et al. Influence of hydrogen on steel components for clean energy[J]. Corrosion and Materials Degradation，2020，1(1): 3−26. DOI: 10.3390/cmd1010002.
[41] NANNINGA N E，LEVY Y S，DREXLER E S，CONDON R T，STEVENSON A E，SLIFKA A J. Comparison of hydrogen embrittlement in three pipeline steels in high pressure gaseous hydrogen environments[J]. Corrosion Science，2012，59: 1−9. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.01.028.
[42] NGUYEN T T，HEO H M，PARK J，NAHM S H，BEAK U B. Fracture properties and fatigue life assessment of API X70 pipeline steel under the effect of an environment containing hydrogen[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology，2021，35(4): 1445−1455. DOI: 10.1007/s12206-021-0310-0.
[43] MENG B，GU C H，ZHANG L，ZHOU C S，LI X Y，ZHAO Y Z，et al. Hydrogen effects on X80 pipeline steel in high-pressure natural gas/hydrogen mixtures[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2017，42(11): 7404−7412. DOI: 10.1016/j. ijhydene.2016.05.145.
[44] CHEN X，XIE F，WANG D，SUN D X，WU M，LI Y C. Hydrogen-induced cracking of X70 steel affected by sulfate-reducing bacteria and cathodic potential: experiment and density functional theory study[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2024，49(Part A):798−810.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.07.228.
[45] SHARMA S K，MAHESHWARI S. A review on welding of high strength oil and gas pipeline steels[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering，2017，38: 203−217. DOI: 10.1016/j. jngse.2016.12.039.
[46] ZHANG Y H，SHUAI J，REN W，LV Z Y. Investigation of the tensile strain response of the girth weld of high-strength steel pipeline[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research，2022，188:107047. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.107047.
[47] 孙颖昊，程玉峰. 高强管线钢焊缝区氢损伤研究与展望[J]. 石油管材与仪器，2021，7（6）：1−13. 10.19459/j.cnki.61-1500/te. 2021.06.001. SUN Y H，CHENG Y F. A review on hydrogen damage at welds of high-strength steel pipelines[J]. Petroleum Tubular Goods &Instruments，2021，7(6): 1−13.
[48] 李云涛，杜则裕，陶勇寅，熊林玉. 国产X70管线钢及其焊缝的氢致裂纹[J]. 焊接学报，2004，25（5）：104−108. 10.3321/j.issn:0253-360X.2004.05.027. LI Y T，DU Z Y，TAO Y Y，XIONG L Y. Hydrogen-induced crack of domestic X70 pipeline steels[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution，2004，25(5): 104−108.
[49] RONEVICH J A，SONG E J，SOMERDAY B P，SAN MARCHI C W. Hydrogen-assisted fracture resistance of pipeline welds in gaseous hydrogen[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2021，46(10): 7601−7614. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.239.
[50] 陈伟锋，尚娟，邢百汇，魏皓天，顾超华，花争立. 关于天然气管网安全掺氢比10%的商榷[J]. 化工进展，2022，41（3）：1487−1493. 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1438. CHEN W F，SHANG J，XING B H，WEI H T，GU C H，HUA Z L. Discussion on 10% as a safe ratio of hydrogen mixing into natural gas grids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2022，41(3): 1487−1493.
[51] SU Y，LI J F，YU B，ZHAO Y L. Numerical investigation on the leakage and diffusion characteristics of hydrogen-blended natural gas in a domestic kitchen[J]. Renewable Energy，2022，189: 899−916. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.038.
[52] ZHOU C L，YANG Z，CHEN G H，ZHANG Q，YANG Y H. Study on leakage and explosion consequence for hydrogen blended natural gas in urban distribution networks[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2022，47(63): 27096−27115. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.064.
[53] 赵博鑫，朱明，彭莹，王明家. 基于PHAST软件模拟氢气、天然气管道泄漏[J]. 石化技术，2017，24（5）：48−50. 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0235.2017.05.034. ZHAO B X，ZHU M，PENG Y，WANG M J. Simulation of leakage from hydrogen and natural gas pipelines based on PHAST[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology，2017，24(5): 48−50.
[54] 刘延雷，秦永泉，盛水平，陈海云，王兵. 燃料车内氢气泄漏扩散数值模拟研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术，2009，5（5）：5−8. 10.3969/j.issn.1673-193X.2009.05.001. LIU Y L，QIN Y Q，SHENG S P，CHEN H Y，WANG B. Numerical investigation on dispersion of hydrogen in hydrogen powered automobiles[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology，2009，5(5): 5−8.
[55] WILKENING H，BARALDI D. CFD modelling of accidental hydrogen release from pipelines[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2007，32(13): 2206−2215. DOI: 10.1016/j. ijhydene.2007.04.022.
[56] 胡玮鹏，陈光，齐宝金，张永海. 埋地纯氢/掺氢天然气管道泄漏扩散数值模拟[J]. 油气储运，2023，42（10）：1118−1127，1136. 10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2023.10.005. HU W P，CHEN G，QI B J，ZHANG Y H. Numerical simulation of leakage and diffusion of buried pure hydrogen/hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation，2023，42(10): 1118−1127,1136.
[57] ZHU J L，PAN J，ZHANG Y X，LI Y X，LI H，FENG H，et al. Leakage and diffusion behavior of a buried pipeline of hydrogen-blended natural gas[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2023，48(30): 11592−11610.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.185.
[58] SHAO X Y，YANG S Y，YUAN Y L，JIA H L，ZHENG L G，LIANG C P. Study on the difference of dispersion behavior between hydrogen and methane in utility tunnel[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2022，47(12): 8130−8144. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.12.123.
[59] 谢萍，伍奕，李长俊，贾文龙，张皓，吴瑕. 混氢天然气管道输送技术研究进展[J]. 油气储运，2021，40（4）：361−370. 10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2021.04.001. XIE P，WU Y，LI C J，JIA W L，ZHANG H，WU X. Research progress on pipeline transportation technology of hydrogen-mixed natural gas[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation，2021，40(4):361−370.
[60] CASTAGNET S，GRANDIDIER J C，COMYN M，BENOÎT G. Effect of long-term hydrogen exposure on the mechanical properties of polymers used for pipes and tested in pressurized hydrogen[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping，2012，89: 203−209. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2011.11.008.
[61] KANE M. Permeability，solubility，and interaction of hydrogen in polymers-an assessment of materials for hydrogen transport:WSRC-STI-2008-00009[R]. Aiken: Savannah River Site，2008: 1−7.
[62] FLACONNECHE B，MARTIN J，KLOPFFER M H. Transport properties of gases in polymers: experimental methods[J]. Oil &Gas Science and Technology-Revue d'IFP Energies Nouvelles，2001，56(3): 245−259. DOI: 10.2516/ogst:2001022.
[63] KLOPFFER M H，FLACONNECHE B. Transport properties of gases in polymers: bibliographic review[J]. Oil & Gas Science and Technology-Revue d'IFP Energies Nouvelles，2001，56(3): 223−244. DOI: 10.2516/ogst:2001021.
[64] GAY N，LAMOUCHI T，AGOSTINI F，DAVY C A，SKOCZYLAS F. Hydrogen diffusion through polymer membranes[J]. MATEC Web of Conferences，2020，322: 01044. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/202032201044.
[65] 王建. 对GB/T 13611—2018《城镇燃气分类和基本特性》的浅析[J]. 山西科技，2019，34（3）：117−119，125. 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6429.2019.03.034. WANG J. A brief analysis of GB/T 13611—2018 urban gas classification and basic characteristics[J]. Shanxi Science and Technology，2019，34(3): 117−119，125.
[66] 黄明，吴勇，文习之，刘文斌，管延文. 利用天然气管道掺混输送氢气的可行性分析[J]. 煤气与热力，2013，33（4）：39−42. 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4416.2013.04.010.HUANG M，WU Y，WEN X Z，LIU W B，GUAN Y W. Feasibility analysis of hydrogen transport in natural gas pipeline[J]. Gas &Heat，2013，33(4): 39−42.
[67] 严荣松，高文学，张杨竣，张建海. 含氢天然气在家用天然气燃具上的燃烧性能测试[J]. 天然气工业，2018，38（2）：119−124. 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2018.02.016. YAN R S，GAO W X，ZHANG Y J，ZHANG J H. Combustion performance tests of hydrogen-natural gas mixtures as fuels in domestic gas appliances[J]. Natural Gas Industry，2018，38(2):119−124.
[68] GE B，JI Y B，ZHANG Z L，ZANG S S，TIAN Y S，YU H，et al. Experiment study on the combustion performance of hydrogen-enriched natural gas in a DLE burner[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2019，44(26): 14023−14031. DOI: 10.1016/j. ijhydene.2019.03.257.
[69] 马向阳，黄小美，吴嫦. 天然气掺氢对家用燃气灶燃烧特性的影响研究[J]. 可再生能源，2018，36（12）：1746−1751. 10.3969/j.issn.1671-5292.2018.12.002. MA X Y，HUANG X M，WU C. Study on the influence of natural gas hydrogenation on combustion characteristics of domestic gas cooker[J]. Renewable Energy Resources，2018，36(12): 1746−1751.
[70] 罗子萱，徐华池，袁满. 天然气掺混氢气在家用燃气具上燃烧的安全性及排放性能测试与评价[J]. 石油与天然气化工，2019，48（2）：50−56. 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3426.2019.02.009. LUO Z X，XU H C，YUAN M. Safety and emission performance test and evaluation of natural gas mixed with hydrogen combustion on domestic gas appliances[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas，2019，48(2): 50−56.
[71] SUN M X，HUANG X M，HU Y L，LYU S. Effects on the performance of domestic gas appliances operated on natural gas mixed with hydrogen[J]. Energy，2022，244(Part A): 122557. DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2021.122557.
[72] 冯帅明，杜伟，夏起，陈晨，高增梁. 掺氢天然气在家用燃烧器中的燃烧特性[J]. 过程工程学报，2022，22（7）：873−881. 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.221284. FENG S M，DU W，XIA Q，CHEN C，GAO Z L. Combustion characteristics of natural gas mixed with hydrogen in domestic burners[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering，2022，22(7): 873−881.
[73] ZHAO Y，MCDONELL V，SAMUELSEN S. Experimental assessment of the combustion performance of an oven burner operated on pipeline natural gas mixed with hydrogen[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，2019，44(47):26049−26062. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.011.
[74] JUDD R，PINCHBECK D. Hydrogen admixture to the natural gas grid[M]//BALL M，BASILE A，VEZIROĞLU T N. Compendium of Hydrogen Energy. Oxford: Woodhead Publishing，2016:165–192.
[75] 崔耀欣，刘晓佩，陈明敏. F级重型燃气轮机燃烧器天然气掺氢全压试验研究[J]. 燃气轮机技术，2021，34（2）：38−42. 10.16120/j.cnki.issn1009-2889.2021.02.006. CUI Y X，LIU X P，CHEN M M. Experimental study of natural gas mixed with hydrogen under full pressure of F-class heavy duty gas turbine burner[J]. Gas Turbine Technology，2021，34(2): 38−42.
[76] 李海波，潘志明，黄耀文. 浅析氢燃料燃气轮机发电的应用前景[J]. 电力设备管理，2020（8）：94−96. 10.3969/j.issn.2096-2711.2020.8.dlsbgl202008036. LI H B，PAN Z M，HUANG Y W. Analysis on the application prospect of hydrogen fuel gas turbine for power generation[J]. Electric Power Equipment Management，2020(8): 94−96.
[77] 马勤勇，钱白云，董利江，李永毅. 掺氢比例对氢混天然气燃气轮机运行特性影响的研究[J]. 热能动力工程，2022，37（9）：41−49. 10.16146/j.cnki.rndlgc.2022.09.005. MA Q Y，QIAN B Y，DONG L J，LI Y Y. Research on the influence of hydrogen blending ratio on the operation characteristics of hydrogen blended fuel gas turbine[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power，2022，37(9): 41−49.
[78] 李祥晟，郭菡，郁鸿飞，郑鹏飞. 掺氢对燃气轮机燃烧室燃烧和排放性能的影响研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报，2022，56（6）：9−16. 10.7652/xjtuxb202206002. LI X S，GUO H，YU H F，ZHENG P F. Study on combustion and emission performance of hydrogen fuel gas turbine combustor[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University，2022，56(6): 9−16.
[79] 赵昊，楼国锋，刘少鹏. 掺氢对天然气燃烧室燃烧及排放特性影响[J]. 科学技术与工程，2024，24（1）：223−229. 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2301288. ZHAO H，LOU G F，LIU S P. The influence of hydrogen blending on the combustion and emission characteristics of natural gas combustion chambers[J]. Science Technology and Engineering，2024，24(1): 223−229.
[80] DONATO C，EUGENIO G，ANTONIO D N，GIORGIO C. Gas turbine combustion technologies for hydrogen blends[J]. Energies，2023，16(19): 6829. DOI: 10.3390/en16196829.
[81] 赵茜，邢云颖，王修云，杨芝乐，张雷. 天然气管道掺氢输送相容性研究现状[J]. 材料导报，2024，38（12）：128−134. 10.11896/cldb.22110125. ZHAO Q，XING Y Y，WANG X Y，YANG Z L，ZHANG L. Research status of compatibility of hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline[J]. Materials Reports，2024，38(12): 128−134.

pdf格式下载

期刊信息

主管单位：国家石油天然气管网集团
　　　　　有限公司

主办单位：国家管网集团北方管道有
　　　　　限责任公司

编辑出版：《油气储运》编辑部

通信地址：河北省廊坊市金光道51号

邮政编码：065000

主　　编：张对红

副主编：关中原

电　　话：0316-2176173
　　　　　0316-2072055

传　　真：0316-2072240

发行范围：公开发行

国内发行：河北省廊坊市邮政局

国外发行：中国出版对外贸易总公司
　　　　　（北京782信箱）100011

国际刊号：ISSN 1000-8241

国内刊号：CN 13-1093/TE

邮发代号：18-89

广告许可：1310004000002

备注

引言

1 天然气掺氢输送流程

2 掺氢对天然气输送流程的影响

3 结论