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[1]齐 盛　吴俊垚　宋兴旺　韩猛 荆琦　李云涛.埋地天然气管道泄漏情景构建与浓度场解耦方法[J].油气储运,2025,44(09):1-17.
　QI Sheng,WU Junyao,SONG Xingwang,et al.The method for scenario construction and concentration field decoupling for buried natural gas pipelines leakage[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2025,44(09):1-17.
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埋地天然气管道泄漏情景构建与浓度场解耦方法

《油气储运》[ISSN:1000-8241/CN:13-1093/TE] 卷: 44 期数: 2025年09期 页码: 1-17 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-09-25
Title:
The method for scenario construction and concentration field decoupling for buried natural gas pipelines leakage
作者:
齐 盛　吴俊垚　宋兴旺　韩猛  荆琦　李云涛
Author(s):
QI Sheng; WU Junyao; SONG Xingwang; HAN Meng; JING Qi; LI Yuntao
关键词:
情景构建; 管道泄漏; 浓度场解耦; 实景化演练
Keywords:
scenario construction;  concentration field decoupling;  pipelines leakage;  Live-action rehearsal
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
【目的】天然气作为全球能源供应体系的重要组成，其应用规模随能源清洁化转型持续扩大。然而，随着管道敷设速度加快与服役年限增长，管道泄漏引发的安全问题日益凸显。天然气泄漏事故可能导致严重的火灾与爆炸，直接威胁周围居民的生命财产安全。因此，亟需一种有效的天然气管道情景构建与浓度场预测方法，以提升泄漏应急处置能力。【方法】基于管道断裂控制试验场，开发高压大口径天然气管道泄漏实景化演练平台，可模拟埋深≥1.5m、管径≥1219mm、承压能力≥14MPa的复杂泄漏场景，并通过爆破片装置实现泄漏参数（孔径、方向）的动态调控。基于平台获取的真实数据，结合布林克曼方程建立三维管道泄漏CFD模型，实现了埋地管道泄漏气体扩散演化规律的高精度再现。在此基础上，提出基于代数迭代重构技术的三维浓度场解耦方法，通过建立二维监测数据与三维空间分布的映射关系，实现场域重构，解决了传统模型泛化能力弱的问题。【结果】天然气在土壤域中呈现椭球形扩散，在空气域中呈现圆锥形扩散，精准再现了埋地天然气管道典型泄漏情景。在各类泄漏场景中，气体扩散危险范围（Ground Danger Range, GDR）均超过2.5米，其中垂直向上泄漏对GDR的扩大效应最为显著。泄漏初期（3600秒前），气体受高速喷射动量支配，水平方向扩散优势明显（水平＞下向）；泄漏后期（3600秒后），重力作用增强，下向扩散逐渐占据主导，揭示了泄漏方向与扩散时间的非线性关系。气体扩散至稳态时，由于气体射流方向与浮力方向一致，形成协同加速效应，泄漏口垂直向上扩散到地面天然气体积为300m3，显著高于其他两个方向，进一步验证了泄漏方向对扩散行为的主导作用。模拟和解耦的气云最大直径误差为13.54%，气云高度误差为11.83%；监测点浓度误差最大为14.92%，最小为6.49%，均满足应急响应中≤20%的误差要求，显著提升了三维浓度场的解耦精度。【结论】通过实景化平台与解耦算法的结合，解决了高压大口径管道泄漏情景构建与三维浓度场重构的精度难题，为泄漏应急处置装备进场路线规划、开挖方式选择等提供关键数据支持，显著提升了泄漏模拟的可靠性与应急决策的科学性，为中国长输天然气管道安全运行、风险防控及应急处置提供了关键技术支撑。
Abstract:
[Objective] As an important source of energy, natural gas occupies an increasingly important position in the global energy supply system. As the demand for energy intensifies, the use of natural gas is increasing rapidly. However, natural gas pipelines are being laid at an accelerated rate, and their safety is becoming an increasing concern. Natural gas leakage accidents may lead to serious fires and explosions, threatening the lives and properties of the surrounding residents. Therefore, an effective method for natural gas pipeline scenario construction and concentration field prediction is urgently needed to improve the emergency response to leakage. [Methods] Based on the pipeline fracture control test site, a high-pressure large-caliber natural gas pipeline leakage scenario exercise platform is developed, and based on the real data obtained from the scenario exercise platform, a high-pressure large-caliber natural gas pipeline leakage scenario construction method is proposed, and a three-dimensional pipeline leakage CFD model is established based on the Brinkman equation, which accurately realizes the high-precision reproduction of the evolution law of gas diffusion of the leakage of the buried pipeline; and a three-dimensional concentration field decoupling method based on algebraic iterative reconstruction technology is proposed. Algebraic iterative reconstruction technique is proposed to decouple the three-dimensional concentration field, and the field reconstruction is realized by establishing the mapping relationship between the two-dimensional monitoring data and the three-dimensional spatial distribution, which significantly improves the decoupling accuracy of the three-dimensional concentration field. [Results] The typical leakage scenarios of buried natural gas pipelines are reproduced with ellipsoidal diffusion in the soil domain and conical diffusion in the air domain. In all types of leakage scenarios, the Ground Danger Range  exceeds 2.5 meters, with the vertical upward leakage having the most significant effect on the expansion of the GDR. In the early stage of the leakage , the gas is dominated by the high-speed jet momentum, and the horizontal direction diffusion is obvious , and in the late stage of the leakage , the gravity effect is enhanced, and the downward diffusion is gradually dominated, which reveals the nonlinear relationship between the leakage direction and the diffusion time. When the gas diffusion reaches the steady state, due to the synergistic acceleration effect formed when the direction of the gas jet is consistent with the direction of the buoyancy force, the volume of natural gas diffused vertically upward to the ground from the leakage port is 300 m3, which is significantly higher than that of the other two directions, which further verifies the dominant role of the leakage direction on the diffusion behavior. The errors of the simulated and decoupled gas clouds are 13.54% for the maximum diameter of the gas cloud and 11.83% for the height of the gas cloud. The maximum error in monitoring point concentrations is 14.92%, and the minimum is 6.49%, which are both less than 20% of the allowable error, thus improving the decoupling accuracy of the three-dimensional concentration field. [Conclusion] The method solves the accuracy problem of constructing the leakage scenario and reconstructing the three-dimensional concentration field of high-pressure and large-diameter pipelines through the combination of the real-life platform and the decoupling algorithm, significantly improves the reliability of the leakage simulation and the scientificity of the decision-making of the emergency disposal, and provides the key technical support for the safe operation of China's long-distance natural gas pipelines, the prevention and control of the risk, and the emergency disposal.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-03-20