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[1]王敏聪 侯磊 王雪婷 杨牟青云 许子聪 刘玥奇 朱淑艳.地下空间储氢技术研究进展与应用展望[J].油气储运,2025,44(04):1-21.
　WANG Mincong,HOU Lei,WANG Xueting,et al.Research progress and application prospect of hydrogen storage technology in underground space[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2025,44(04):1-21.
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地下空间储氢技术研究进展与应用展望

《油气储运》[ISSN:1000-8241/CN:13-1093/TE] 卷: 44 期数: 2025年04期 页码: 1-21 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-04-25
Title:
Research progress and application prospect of hydrogen storage technology in underground space
作者:
王敏聪  侯磊  王雪婷  杨牟青云  许子聪  刘玥奇  朱淑艳
Author(s):
WANG Mincong; HOU Lei; WANG Xueting; YANG Muqingyun; XU Zicong; LIU Yueqi; ZHU Shuyan
关键词:
氢能; 地下空间储氢; “ 双碳” 战略; 风险挑战; 用氢场景; 应用模式
Keywords:
hydrogen energy;  hydrogen storage in underground space;  risk challenge;  hydrogen use scenario;  application model
分类号:
TE832
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
【目的】随着“双碳”战略与可持续发展目标的不断推进，氢能作为来源丰富、绿色低碳、应用广泛的二次能源受到国内外广泛关注。地下储氢是实现氢能大规模、长周期储存的有效途径，与国外相比，中国地下储氢研究与建设起步较晚，尚无已建成的地下储氢工程案例。【方法】围绕地下空间储氢技术展开调研，剖析盐穴、枯竭油气藏、含水层、衬砌岩洞4种储氢地质体类型的优缺点与储存特征。针对地下储氢关键难点与潜在风险点，结合国外氢气地下储存典型案例，选取枯竭油气藏型与盐穴型两类储氢库为例，系统阐述了地下储氢在地质体完整性、井筒完整性、地球化学反应与微生物反应等方面面临的风险，对比了不同风险对两类典型储氢库的影响。为拓宽地下储氢应用场景、推进氢能产业协同发展，考虑用氢场景多元化与地下储氢容量大、周期长、受地质条件限制的特点，讨论了电-氢、电-氢-电、电-氢-甲烷3类用氢场景下的地下储氢适配模式，并对3类应用模式的未来发展潜力进行了展望。【结果】枯竭油气藏型与盐穴型两类储氢库在实际运行过程中也面临众多风险挑战，但与枯竭油气藏相比，盐穴中氢气沿围岩发生泄漏的风险概率更低，因地球化学反应、微生物反应而产生的氢气损耗量更小。地下空间储氢技术在3类用氢场景中均有适配发展潜力，但现阶段电-氢-电与电-氢-甲烷两种方式存在能量转化效率低、经济成本高等问题。【结论】地下空间储氢技术在未来氢能大规模应用中具有广阔的市场前景。结合国外地下储氢案例与现有风险难题，盐穴是目前经验技术最成熟、最优质的地下储氢库类型。为建立绿色高效低成本的低碳能源体系，宜优先发展以氢气为终端应用的“电-氢”协同模式。
Abstract:
 [Objective]With the continuous promotion of the "dual carbon" strategy and sustainable development goals, hydrogen energy, as a secondary energy source that is abundant, green, low-carbon, and widely used, has received widespread attention both domestically and internationally. Underground hydrogen storage is an effective way to achieve large-scale and long-term storage of hydrogen energy. Compared with foreign countries, China's research and construction of underground hydrogen storage started relatively late, and there are currently no completed underground hydrogen storage engineering cases. [ Methods] Conduct research on hydrogen storage technology in underground spaces, analyzing the advantages, disadvantages, and storage characteristics of four types of hydrogen storage geological bodies: salt caverns, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, aquifers, and lined rock caves. Based on the key difficulties and potential risk points of underground hydrogen storage, combined with typical cases of hydrogen underground storage abroad, two types of hydrogen storage facilities, namely depleted oil and gas reservoir type and salt cavern type, were selected as examples to systematically explain the risks faced by underground hydrogen storage in terms of geological integrity, wellbore integrity, geochemical reactions, and microbial reactions. The impact of different risks on the two typical hydrogen storage facilities was compared. In order to broaden the application scenarios of underground hydrogen storage and promote the coordinated development of the hydrogen energy industry, considering the diversification of hydrogen use scenarios and the characteristics of large underground hydrogen storage capacity, long cycle, and limited geological conditions, this paper discusses the underground hydrogen storage adaptation modes under three types of hydrogen use scenarios: electricity hydrogen, electricity hydrogen electricity, and electricity hydrogen methane, and looks forward to the future development potential of the three application modes. [ Results] Both depleted oil and gas reservoirs and salt cavern hydrogen storage facilities face numerous risks and challenges during actual operation. However, compared with depleted oil and gas reservoirs, the probability of hydrogen leakage along the surrounding rock in salt caverns is lower, and the amount of hydrogen gas loss caused by geochemical and microbial reactions is smaller. Underground hydrogen storage technology has the potential for adaptation and development in three types of hydrogen usage scenarios, but at present, the two methods of electricity hydrogen electricity and electricity hydrogen methane have problems such as low energy conversion efficiency and high economic costs. [Conclusion] Underground hydrogen storage technology has broad market prospects for large-scale hydrogen energy applications in the future. Based on foreign underground hydrogen storage cases and existing risk challenges, salt caverns are currently the most mature and high-quality type of underground hydrogen storage facility based on experience and technology. To establish a green, efficient, and low-cost low-carbon energy system, it is advisable to prioritize the development of the "electricity hydrogen" collaborative model with hydrogen as the terminal application.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-12-10