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[1]刘毅军,李艳丽.欧盟天然气产业链结构改革后管输管理新模式[J].油气储运,2015,34(1):1-7,14.[doi:10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2015.01.001]
　LIU Yijun,LI Yanli.A new mode of pipeline transportation management after structural reform of EU natural gas industrial chains[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(1):1-7,14.[doi:10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2015.01.001]

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欧盟天然气产业链结构改革后管输管理新模式

《油气储运》[ISSN:1000-8241/CN:13-1093/TE] 卷: 34 期数: 2015年第1期页码: 1-7,14 栏目: 出版日期: 2015-01-25

Title:: A new mode of pipeline transportation management after structural reform of EU natural gas industrial chains

作者:: 刘毅军; 李艳丽; 中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249

Author(s):: LIU Yijun; LI Yanli; China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249

关键词:: 欧盟; 天然气; 产业链; 改革; 管网规则; 管输管理; 模式

Keywords:: European Union (EU); natural gas; industrial chain; reform; Network Codes; pipeline transportation management; mode

分类号:: TE832

DOI:: 10.6047/j.issn.1000-8241.2015.01.001

摘要:: 开始于1998年的欧盟整体的天然气产业链结构改革已历时16年,特别是2009年后进入快车道.欧盟的3个天然气指令和两个天然气管网管理条例奠定了管输管理新模式的基础,加之建立监管机构、划定自主改革区域及加快基础设施建设,为新模式的推进提供了保障.一系列管网规则之中的欧盟管输管理新模式在不断完善之中,目前主要体现在:在管输费规则上,欧盟力推更能反映成本的“入口/出口”管输费体系,各国操作以收取管输容量费为主,有的兼收管输使用费,但各国具体办法差异仍较大;在管输能力分配规则上,欧盟通过拍卖机制分配其互联点上的管输能力,管输产品亦呈现不同的期限与“可靠性”;欧盟采取的“超额认购-回购机制”与“非用即失机制”等管输拥塞管理机制可以提高管网系统使用效率,减少管输拥塞;欧盟采取的“管输平衡机制”,可以提高管网系统的安全高效性,并促进天然气的短期交易.

Abstract:: It has been 16 years since the beginning of EU natural gas industrial chain's structural reform in 1998 and the reform has become even faster after 2009. Three natural gas directives and two natural gas transmission networks regulations of EU have laid the foundations for a new mode of pipeline transportation management. In addition, the establishment of regulators, set-up of regional initiatives and acceleration of infrastructure construction guarantee the promotion of this new mode. The new mode of EU pipeline transportation management within a series of “Network Codes” is still in improvement in the following aspects: when it comes to the rules for pipeline transportation tariff, EU strongly recommends the “Entry-Exit” tariff system which can better reflect cost, while the operation of each country mainly focuses on the pipeline transportation capacity tariff and some countries also charge commodity tariff, but there exists big difference between specific methods of each country. For the distribution of pipeline transportation capacity, EU chooses to distribute the pipeline transportation capacity of its interconnection points through auction mechanism, and the pipeline transported capacity products are different in deadline and “reliability”. The pipeline transportation congestion management mechanisms such as “oversubscription and buy-back scheme” and “use-it-or-lose-it mechanism” adopted by EU can improve the efficiency of pipe network system and reduce pipeline transportation congestion. Moreover, the “pipeline transportation balancing mechanism” adopted by EU can improve safety and efficiency of pipe network system as well as promote the short-term transaction of natural gas.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2014-11-12;改回日期:2014-11-16。
基金项目:教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“扩大我国油气战略储备研究”,11JZD048.
作者简介:刘毅军,教授,1965年生,2007年博士毕业于中国矿业大学(北京)管理科学与工程专业,长期从事天然气产业链经济问题及风险研究工作.Tel: 010-89733792, Email: pulyj@sina.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01