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[1]冯建国,罗恒金,秦朝葵,等.掺氢天然气对终端用气设备性能的影响[J].油气储运,2025,44(06):1-13.
　FENG Jianguo,LUO Hengjin,QIN Chaokui,et al.Effect of hydrogen-doped natural gas on the performance of terminal gas equipment[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2025,44(06):1-13.

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掺氢天然气对终端用气设备性能的影响

《油气储运》[ISSN:1000-8241/CN:13-1093/TE] 卷: 44 期数: 2025年06期页码: 1-13 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-06-25

Title:: Effect of hydrogen-doped natural gas on the performance of terminal gas equipment

作者:: 冯建国; 罗恒金; 秦朝葵; 彭东清; 陈志光; 蔡健

Author(s):: FENG Jianguo; LUO Hengjin; QIN Chaokui; Peng Dongqing; CHEN Zhiguang; CAI Jian

关键词:: 掺氢天然气; 能源转型; 双碳; 燃气设备; 燃烧特性

Keywords:: hydrogen-blended natural gas; energy transformation; goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality; gas equipment; hydrogen-doped natural gas; combustion characteristics

分类号:: TE08

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 【目的】氢气掺入天然气是大规模推广氢气的可行方案，然而，氢气的掺入会显著改变燃气物性参数，导致终端用气设备出现燃烧振荡、热负荷下降、回火风险倍增等问题。因此，大规模应用掺氢天然气关键在于明确不同掺氢比对用气设备性能的影响，并对终端用气设备进行安全适应性、燃烧特性、排放性能等的评估。【方法】借助理论分析、文献检索、案例调研等方法，系统研究掺氢对终端用气设备的影响，梳理国内外掺氢天然气的仿真模拟与燃烧实验，探讨掺氢对天然气物性、燃烧稳定性、热效率、污染物排放等方面的变化与影响，提出未来高掺氢比的关键研究方向。【结果】天然气掺氢后其密度、热值、点火能降低，燃烧温度提高，燃烧速度加快，熄火距离缩短，贫燃极限增加，爆炸极限范围变化；目前市场上民用燃具可直接使用掺氢比0~20%的燃气，但掺氢影响热效率与寿命，需研发专用燃具以提高热效率与寿命；在工业用气设备方面，掺氢可提高燃烧效率，降低碳排放，但会加剧燃烧振荡、降低回火临界值、导致NOx排放超标，影响设备稳定性和环保性。为应对上述问题，需配备新型耐高温、抗腐蚀的合金材料并应用自适应控制技术,同时调整实际的工艺流程，以确保产品质量不受影响。在压缩天然气（Compressed Natural Gas,CNG）汽车领域，掺氢显著改善了天然气发动机的燃烧特性，拓宽了稀燃极限，降低了循环变动与有害气体排放，虽然NOx排放量上升，但通过技术手段能够有效控制。【结论】目前中国终端用气设备掺氢燃烧技术研究已取得一定成绩，但大多停留在实验室阶段，缺乏市场环境的应用验证，因此迫切需要开展天然气掺氢的长期实地测试工作，助力双碳目标的早日实现。

Abstract:: [ Objective] In the next from 30 to 50 years, the incorporation of hydrogen into natural gas is considered to be a feasible solution for large-scale promotion of hydrogen. However, the incorporation of hydrogen will significantly change the physical parameters of the gas, resulting in combustion oscillation, heat load reduction and tempering risk doubling of the terminal equipment. Therefore, the key to the large-scale application of hydrogen-doped natural gas is to clarify the influence of different hydrogen blending ratios on the performance of equipment, evaluate the safety adaptability, combustion characteristics and emission performance of terminal gas equipment. [ Methods] Through theoretical analysis, literature search and case study in the paper, the influence of hydrogen blending on terminal gas equipment is systematically studied. The simulation and combustion experiments of hydrogen-doped natural gas at home and abroad are reviewed. The changes of physical properties of natural gas after hydrogen doping, the effects on combustion stability, thermal efficiency, and pollutant emissions of gas-using equipment are discussed. The key research directions of high hydrogen blending ratio in the future are put forward. [ Results] The results show that after hydrogen blending, the density and calorific value of natural gas decrease, the combustion temperature increases, the combustion speed increases, the ignition energy decreases, the extinction distance shortens, the lean combustion limit increases, and the explosion limit range changes. At present, civil gas appliances on the market can directly use gas with a hydrogen blending ratio of 0 ~ 20 %, but hydrogen blending may affect thermal efficiency and life. It is necessary to develop special gas appliances to improve thermal efficiency and life. In terms of industrial gas equipment, hydrogen blending can improve combustion efficiency and reduce carbon emissions, but it will aggravate combustion oscillation, reduce the critical value of tempering, lead to excessive NOx emissions, and affect equipment stability and environmental protection. In order to deal with these problems, it is necessary to equip new high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant alloy materials and apply adaptive control technology, and adjust the actual process flow to ensure that the product quality is not affected. In the field of CNG vehicles, hydrogen blending significantly improves the combustion characteristics of natural gas engines, broadens the lean burn limit, reduces cycle variations and harmful gas emissions. Although NOx emissions have increased, they can be effectively controlled by technical means. [Conclusion] The research on hydrogen-blended combustion technology of terminal gas equipment in China has made some achievements, but most of them remain in the laboratory stage and lack of application verification in the real market environment. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out long-term field testing.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-03-17