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[1]刘翠伟,赵兰琦,张睿,等.应力状态下管线钢的氢脆敏感性[J].油气储运,2025,44(04):1-12.
　LIU Cuiwei,ZHAO Lanqi,ZHANG Rui,et al.Study on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of pipeline steel under stress[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2025,44(04):1-12.
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应力状态下管线钢的氢脆敏感性

《油气储运》[ISSN:1000-8241/CN:13-1093/TE] 卷: 44 期数: 2025年04期 页码: 1-12 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-04-25
Title:
Study on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of pipeline steel under stress
作者:
刘翠伟; 赵兰琦; 张睿; 彭世垚; 李荣天; 徐新宇; 李玉星
1.中国石油大学（华东）储运与建筑工程学院；2.国家管网集团科学技术研究总院分公司
Author(s):
LIU Cuiwei;  ZHAO Lanqi;  ZHANG Rui;  PENG Shiyao;  LI Rongtian;  XU Xinyu;  LI Yuxing
1. College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China); 2. PipeChina Institute of Science and Technology
关键词:
管线钢; 氢脆敏感性; 气相原位充氢; 慢应变速率拉伸; 弹性应力; 掺氢天然气管道
Keywords:
pipeline steel;  hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility;  gas-phase in-situ hydrogen charging;  slow strain rate tensile ; test;  elastic stress;  hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline
分类号:
TE88
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
【目的】氢脆现象是限制输氢管道安全运行的一个重大安全问题。然而，氢管道工况下氢是否会进入管线钢并引发氢脆仍然存在争议。一方面，众多研究结果表明临氢环境下钢材的塑性、韧性将有显著损失。另一方面，众多输氢管道工程在长时间运行后未发现明显的氢脆危险。氢脆实验过程中试样的极端服役状态可能是导致实验室研究结论与实际工程经验差异的关键，因此有必要研究氢脆实验过程对材料氢脆敏感性的影响。【方法】通过应力下高压气相原位拉伸实验，以慢应变速率拉伸实验为例，研究了不同充氢方式下X52钢试样的力学性能及氢脆程度，探究了试样内部氢来源，进而梳理了不同弹性应力下实验过程对试样氢脆敏感性的影响。【结果】实验结果显示，应力是影响试样内部氢含量、导致不同氢脆敏感性的关键因素，因此通过应力充氢实验确定了导致X52钢产生氢脆的临界氢浓度。结果表明产生的氢效应大都来自拉伸环境中进入试样的氢，预充氢阶段进入试样内部的氢含量十分有限，并且氢在弹性阶段就已经充分进入试样。【结论】无预充氢、直接在氢环境拉伸的试样出现了屈服阶段的氢致硬化效应，说明氢在时间极短的弹性阶段内已经进入钢材内部；应力充氢状态下，试样内部氢含量明显上升；应力促进气相氢环境下的氢表面吸附及内部氢溶解度是导致应力促进氢效应的机制。在今后的研究中，应考虑慢应变速率拉伸实验对材料氢效应的影响。
Abstract:
[Objective] Hydrogen embrittlement poses a significant safety risk that restricts the safe operation of hydrogen pipelines. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the extent to which hydrogen penetrates pipeline steel and induces hydrogen embrittlement under service conditions. While numerous studies indicate a substantial loss of plasticity and toughness in steel within a hydrogen environment, many hydrogen pipelines show no evident hydrogen embrittlement hazards after long-term operation. The extreme service conditions experienced by specimens during hydrogen embrittlement testing may explain the discrepancies between laboratory findings and practical engineering experiences. Therefore, it is essential to investigate how the hydrogen embrittlement testing process affects the susceptibility of materials to hydrogen embrittlement. [Methods] The mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement of X52 steel specimens under different hydrogen charging methods were studied by high-pressure gas-phase in-situ tensile testing under stress, with a focus on the slow strain rate tensile test. The source of hydrogen inside the specimens was explored, and then the influence of the testing process under different elastic stresses on the susceptibility of the specimens to hydrogen embrittlement was analyzed. [Results] The experimental results indicated that stress is a critical factor influencing hydrogen content in the specimen and its susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Consequently, the critical hydrogen concentration that leads to hydrogen embrittlement in X52 steel was determined through stressed hydrogen charging tests. The results indicated that most of the hydrogen effect originated from hydrogen penetration into the specimens under tensile conditions, with minimal penetration during the hydrogen pre-charging stage and sufficient penetration occurring during the elastic stage. [Conclusion] The hydrogen-induced hardening effect occurred during the yield stage of specimens subjected to direct tensile testing in a hydrogen environment without hydrogen pre-charging, indicating that hydrogen penetrated the steel during the brief elastic stage. With stressed hydrogen charging, the hydrogen content in the specimens significantly increased. The mechanisms leading to the stress-promoted hydrogen effect include stress-enhanced hydrogen surface adsorption and internal hydrogen solubility in the gas-phase hydrogen environment. Future studies should consider the impact of slow strain rate tensile testing on hydrogen effects in materials.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期：2024-11-05；修回日期：2024-12-09；编辑：张腾
基金项目：国家重点研发计划“氢能技术”重点专项“中低压纯氢与掺氢燃气管道系统渗氢扩散机理与相容性研究”，2021YFB4001601。
作者简介：刘翠伟，男，1987年生，教授，2016年博士毕业于中国石油大学（华东）油气储运工程专业，现主要从事天然气及氢气管道安全输送技术研究。地址：山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号，266580。电话：13468286715。Email：20180093@upc.edu.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 2025-02-25