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[1]徐广丽　王一富　周志豪　文强　蔡亮学.超声内检测器直管段运行过程中背景噪声分析[J].油气储运,2025,44(02):1-12.
　XU Guangli,WANG Yifu,ZHOU Zhihao,et al.Analysis of background noise during operation of ultrasonic in-line detector in straight pipeline segment[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2025,44(02):1-12.

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超声内检测器直管段运行过程中背景噪声分析

《油气储运》[ISSN:1000-8241/CN:13-1093/TE] 卷: 44 期数: 2025年02期页码: 1-12 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-02-25

Title:: Analysis of background noise during operation of ultrasonic in-line detector in straight pipeline segment

作者:: 徐广丽　王一富　周志豪　文强　蔡亮学

Author(s):: XU Guangli; WANG Yifu; ZHOU Zhihao; WEN Qiang; CAI Liangxue

关键词:: 超声内检测; 压力波动; 频域分析; 回波信号; 壁厚误差

Keywords:: ultrasonic in-line inspection; pressure fluctuation; frequency domain analysis; echo signal; wall thickness error

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 【目的】管道系统运行时，管输环境中的压力波动会产生背景噪声。随着管道系统压力升高，压力波动的幅度会发生变化，从而影响背景噪声强度。在管道缺陷检测过程中，背景噪声会干扰超声内检测器正常工作，降低检测精度。水平直管段是油气管道的主要组成部分，其噪声特性研究可为其他管段的噪声分析提供科学依据，因此分析超声内检测器在直管段运行过程中的背景噪声尤为关键。【方法】搭建了超声内检测模拟实验平台，采集不同压力、流量下的管道系统压力和回波信号数据。通过管道系统压力变化规律定位超声内检测器的运行位置，分析超声内检测器过直管段时的管道系统压力波动范围和压力变化速率；采用频域分析探究压力波动引起的背景噪声强度，明确背景噪声对回波信号的影响；利用渡越时间法计算壁厚和误差，量化由管输介质压力波动产生的背景噪声对超声内检测器探伤精度的影响。【结果】超声内检测器通过直管段时，管输介质会产生压力波动，波动范围为0.093~0.196 MPa；大部分实验压力变化速率小于0.531 MPa/ms，但压力变化速率最值可高达17.792 MPa/ms。由压力信号的频域特性可知，3~7 MHz范围内，噪声幅度较小；5 MHz、6.929 MHz处的噪声信号受压力变化速率影响而增大，最大增幅分别为415.023%、1 240.825%，但幅度增大的最值仅为0.881，对超声内检测器性能影响较小。通过分析超声回波信号特性，发现背景噪声会引起回波信号的幅值、峰值点的采样点数发生变化，进而影响壁厚计算精度。背景噪声幅度变化对壁厚计算影响较小，误差范围为0.128%~4.324%。【结论】在工程应用中，可忽略由管输介质压力波动产生的背景噪声对超声内检测器探伤的影响，研究成果可为超声内检测器直管段运行过程中的缺陷检测提供理论参考。

Abstract:: [Objective] During the operation of pipeline systems, pressure fluctuations inherent to the pipeline transportation environment generate background noise. As pressure increases in these systems, the magnitude of pressure fluctuations changes, subsequently affecting the intensity of the background noise. In the process of detecting pipeline defects, background noise interferes with the normal operation of ultrasonic in-line detectors, resulting in reduced detection accuracy. Horizontal straight pipeline segments make up the majority of oil and gas pipeline systems. Therefore, studying their noise characteristics provides a scientific foundation for analyzing noise in other pipeline segments. From this perspective, it is crucial to analyze background noise during the operation of ultrasonic in-line detectors in straight pipeline segments. [Methods] A simulation experimental platform for ultrasonic in-line inspection was established to collect pressure and echo signal data from a pipeline system operating under varying pressures and flow rates. The positions of the operating detector were collected according to the pressure variation law of pipeline systems. The pressure fluctuation ranges and the pressure variation rates within the pipeline system during the operation of an ultrasonic in-line detector in the straight pipeline segments were analyzed. The intensity of background noise caused by pressure fluctuations was investigated through frequency domain analysis to clarify its influence on the echo signals. Additionally, the effect of background noise generated by pressure fluctuations of the transported media on the flaw detection accuracy of the ultrasonic in-line detector was quantified by calculating wall thickness and associated errors based on the transit time method. [Results] During the operation of the ultrasonic in-line detector in the straight pipeline segments, the transported media caused pressure fluctuations, ranging from 0.093 MPa to 0.196 MPa. In most experiments, the pressure variation rates were below 0.531 MPa/ms; however, a maximum rate as high as 17.792 MPa/ms was recorded. Analysis of the frequency domain characteristics of the pressure signals revealed that the noise amplitude was narrow between 3 MHz and 7 MHz. The noise signals at 5 MHz and 6.929 MHz increased due to the influence of pressure variation rates, with maximum increase rates of 415.023% and 1,240.825%, respectively. Nevertheless, the maximum increase in noise amplitude was only 0.881, indicating a minimal impact on the performance of the ultrasonic in-line detector. Further analysis of the ultrasonic echo signals showed that background noise caused changes in the amplitude and peak sampling points of these signals, thus impacting the accuracy of wall thickness calculations. The variations in background noise amplitude had little effect on the wall thickness calculations, with error rates ranging from 0.128% to 4.324%. [Conclusion] The influence of background noise generated by pressure fluctuations of transported media on flaw detection by ultrasonic in-line detectors is negligible in engineering applications. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for flaw detection using ultrasonic in-line detectors operating in straight pipeline segments.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-12-12