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liquid hydrocarbon pipeline
; leakage; hydrothermal transient; seepage diffusion; leakage volume; shutdown optimization; research progress液烃管道发生泄漏时,泄漏量和泄漏扩散区域的有效预测是停输、封堵方案优化设计的基础, 也是实现其安全、环保、经济运行的可靠保证。总结了管道泄漏时管内流动和管外扩散相关研究(水 热力瞬变、液柱分离、土壤中的渗流扩散)的现状和局限性。发现泄漏过程中管内流动涉及气体释 放、空穴流和液柱分离等气液两相快瞬变过程和准稳态慢瞬变过程,存在流动传热相变耦合以及多 种约束条件影响等问题,其过程及机理尚未得到完整有效揭示。同时,泄漏管段外的环境条件对管 流和管道破损处出流的影响,以及泄漏液烃在环境中的渗流扩散规律尚未得到完整揭示。评述了液 烃管道泄漏过程中流动传热及泄漏量计算的国内外研究成果,并梳理了相关的实验研究。最后指出 了考虑液烃相变的气液两相瞬变流动、管道破损处的出流特性、泄漏液烃在复杂环境条件下流动扩 散和渗流规律、计算泄漏量、以泄漏量最小为目标优化停输方案是该领域今后研究的关键问题和发 展方向。
When liquid hydrocarbon pipeline is leaked, the effective prediction of leakage volume and leakage diffusion area is the foundation of shutdown and plugging plan optimization, as well as the reliable guarantee of safe, eco-friendly and economic pipeline operation. In this paper, the status and restriction of the studies on the internal flow and external diffusion in the process of pipeline leakage were investigated, including hydrothermal transient, liquid column separation and seepage diffusion in the soil. And it is shown that the internal flow in the process of pipeline leakage is involved with gas-liquid fast transient process and quasi-stable state slow transient process (such as gas release, cavity flow and liquid column separation), and it is concerned with the problems of flow-heat phase transition coupling and the effects of multiple constraints. Its overall process and mechanism haven’t been revealed effectively. On the other hand, the effect of the surrounding conditions outside the leakage section on the conduit flow and the flowing at the leakage section and the seepage diffusion laws of leaked liquid hydrocarbon in the surroundings have not been figured out completely. Then, the global research results of external flow heat transfer and leakage calculation in the process of liquid hydrocarbon pipeline leakage were reviewed and the related experimental studies were analyzed. And finally, it was proposed that its key research and development directions focus on gas-liquid transient flow with the consideration of liquid hydrocarbon phase transition, the flowing characteristic of leaked section, the flow, diffusion and seepage law of leaked liquid hydrocarbon in complicated surroundings, leakage calculation and the optimization of shutdown plan with the minimum leakage volume as the target.
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收稿日期:2016-07-14;修回日期:2016-11-19;编辑:潘红丽
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“成品油管道批次输送过程 中的复杂传热传质机理研究”,51474228;北京市科学研究与研究生培养共建项目“成品油管道泄漏量预测及停输方案的优化研究”,ZX20150440。
作者简介:何国玺,男,1989 年生,在读博士生,2015 年硕士毕业于中国石油大学(北京)油气储运工程专业,现主要从事长输油气管道与油气田集输相关技术研究。地址:北京市昌平区府学路 18 号, 102249。电话:15101186627,Email:heguoxicup@163.com
通信作者:梁永图,男,1971 年生,教授, 2009 年博士毕业于中国石油大学(北京)油气储运工程专业,现主要从事长输油气管道与油气田集输相关技术的教学和研究工作。地址:北京市昌平区府学路18 号,102249。电话:13910970411,Email:liangyt21st@163.com