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[1]蒋新生,秦希卓,储汇,等.油气爆炸载荷对储罐结构的毁伤机制及评估[J].油气储运,2024,43(11):1-20.
　Jiang Xinsheng,Qin Xizhuo,Chu Hui,et al.Damage mechanism and evaluation of oil and gas explosion load on storage tank structure[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2024,43(11):1-20.
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油气爆炸载荷对储罐结构的毁伤机制及评估

《油气储运》[ISSN:1000-8241/CN:13-1093/TE] 卷: 43 期数: 2024年11期 页码: 1-20 栏目: 出版日期: 2024-11-25
Title:
Damage mechanism and evaluation of oil and gas explosion load on storage tank structure
作者:
蒋新生；秦希卓；储汇；王赛；林科宇
Author(s):
Jiang Xinsheng; Qin Xizhuo; Chu Hui; Wang Sai; Lin Keyu
关键词:
油气爆炸; 储罐; 爆炸超压; 储油罐结构动力响应; TNO多能法; 多米诺效应
Keywords:
oil and gas explosion;  Storage tanks;  Explosive overpressure;  Dynamic response of storage tank structure;  TNO multienergy method;  Domino effect
分类号:
TE88
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
【目的】随着油料储存规模化程度扩大，地面储油罐的安全防护压力与日俱增，一旦发生火灾爆炸事故，极易引发多米诺事故，导致灾难性后果。为分析地面储油罐在油气爆炸荷载下失效情况，针对动荷载条件下对储油罐动力响应及损伤评估开展研究。【方法】通过对不同油气体积分数与不同传播距离下油气爆炸外场超压参数进行测量分析，得到最危险油气体积分数（1.70%）下油气爆炸外场动荷载传播参数，结合量纲分析得到油气爆炸动荷载预测模型，运用仿真将动荷载作用于等比例地面储油罐模型。【结果】通过试验发现外场冲击波以出球状超压波形式向前方传播，油气持续燃烧时冲击波获得最大超压增量；通过对外场冲击波超压参数的分析拟合，得到超压参数随无量纲距离的变化规律，确定了油气爆炸动荷载预测模型，从而计算出地面储油罐在动荷载条件下的损伤准则；利用损伤准则对5 000 m3地面储油罐区内某一油罐发生爆炸时其他储油罐的动力响应情况进行评估，当储罐区发生多米诺爆炸事故时，两次爆炸事故间最大超压以超过3.5%的增量逐渐增大，爆炸时间间隔以超过20%的增量不断缩短，且爆炸序列呈现为Z字形。【结论】通过对动荷载条件下地面储油罐损伤评估分析，拟合出地面储油罐区最小布置距离，为地面储油罐安全布局、爆炸和火灾事故防控、应急救援和管理提供了科学依据与参考借鉴。
Abstract:
[Objective] With the expansion of the scale of oil storage, the safety protection pressure of the ground storage tank is increasing. Once the fire and explosion accident occurs, it is easy to cause a domino accident, leading to catastrophic consequences. In order to study the failure of surface oil storage tank under oil and gas explosion load, the dynamic response and damage assessment of oil storage tank under dynamic load were studied. [Methods] By measuring and analyzing the overpressure parameters of the oil and gas explosion external field under different oil and gas volume fraction and different propagation distance, the dynamic load propagation parameters of the oil and gas explosion external field under the most dangerous oil and gas volume fraction (1.70%) were obtained. Combined with dimensional analysis, the dynamic load prediction model of the oil and gas explosion was obtained, and the dynamic load was applied to the equal scale surface storage tank model by simulation. [Results] It was found that the shock wave propagated forward in the form of spherical overpressure wave, and the maximum overpressure increment was obtained when the oil and gas were continuously burned. Through the analysis and fitting of the overpressure parameters of external shock wave, the variation law of overpressure parameters with dimensionless distance is obtained, and the dynamic load prediction model of oil and gas explosion is determined, and the damage criterion of ground storage tank under dynamic load is calculated. Based on the damage criterion, the dynamic response of other storage tanks when an oil tank exploded in the 5 000 m3 surface storage tank area was evaluated. When a domino explosion occurred in the storage tank area, the maximum overpressure between two explosion accidents gradually increased with an increment of more than 3.5%, and the explosion interval was continuously shortened with an increment of more than 20%. And the explosion sequence appears in a Z-shape. [Conclusion] Through the damage assessment and analysis of surface oil storage tank under dynamic load, the minimum layout distance of surface oil storage tank area is fitted, which provides scientific basis and reference for the safety layout of surface oil storage tank, explosion and fire accident prevention and control, emergency rescue and management.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-08-09