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[1]梁明明　刘晓文　侯昊　陈佳铭　牛连山　姜艳朋.焊枪喷嘴结构对保护气体流场的影响[J].油气储运,2024,43(04):1-12.
　Liang Mingming,Liu Xiaowen,Hou Hao,et al.Effect of the nozzle structure of welding torch on the shielding gas flow field[J].Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2024,43(04):1-12.
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焊枪喷嘴结构对保护气体流场的影响

《油气储运》[ISSN:1000-8241/CN:13-1093/TE] 卷: 43 期数: 2024年04期 页码: 1-12 栏目: 出版日期: 2024-04-25
Title:
Effect of the nozzle structure of welding torch on the shielding gas flow field
作者:
梁明明　刘晓文　侯昊　陈佳铭　牛连山　姜艳朋
Author(s):
Liang Mingming;  Liu Xiaowen;  Hou Hao;  Chen Jiaming;  Niu Lianshan;  Jiang Yanpeng
关键词:
管道焊接; 模拟仿真; 扁锥喷嘴; 保护气体
Keywords:
pipeline welding;  simulation;  flat conical nozzle;  shielding gas
分类号:
TG457.6
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
【目的】为解决传统焊枪喷嘴结构设计中存在的开发周期长、成本高、保护气体流场保护效果不明确的问题，【方法】采用CFD软件，针对保护气体流量大小、焊枪喷嘴结构及喷嘴与坡口的间距等关键参数进行数值模拟研究，并结合气体染色实验与实际焊接实验，对模拟仿真结果进行验证分析。【结果】在管道窄间隙坡口GMAW焊接工艺中，选用20 L/min的保护气体流量可以获得良好的保护效果；扁锥喷嘴结构使得保护气体的流场呈现较小的圆锥度且流动更为挺直，即使在相对较低的保护气体流量下，也能够有效抵抗侧风干扰，保持稳定的焊接环境；当焊枪喷嘴与坡口的间距控制在15 mm以内时，保护气体的流场具有良好的保护效果；气体染色实验及焊接实验的结果与模拟仿真的预测结果相符合，表明采用模拟仿真方法对保护气体流场进行优化设计是切实可行的。【结论】通过CFD模拟仿真技术，能有效优化焊枪喷嘴的结构设计，显著提高窄间隙坡口GMAW焊接工艺中的保护气体利用效率，增强焊接质量的稳定性。可见模拟仿真方法在焊接工艺改进中具有重要作用，可为焊枪喷嘴结构设计及保护气体流场的调控提供新的思路与技术参考。
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems of long development cycle, high cost and unclear protection effect of shielding gas flow field existing in traditional welding torch nozzle structure design, this paper adopts advanced CFD software for simulation and analysis, and carries out detailed numerical simulation research on key parameters such as the size of shielding gas flow rate, welding torch nozzle structure and the distance between nozzle and groove. At the same time, combined with the gas dyeing test and the actual welding test, the simulation results were verified and analyzed. The results show that in the GMAW welding process of narrow gap groove, the shielding gas flow rate of 27 L/min can achieve good protection effect. The structure of the flat cone nozzle makes the flow field of the shielding gas show a small conical degree and the gas flow is more straight, which can effectively resist crosswind interference and maintain a stable welding environment even at a relatively low flow rate of the shielding gas. When the effective distance between the nozzle and the groove is controlled within 15 mm, the shielding gas flow field has a good protection effect. The results of gas dyeing test and welding test are in agreement with the predicted results of simulation, which shows that the simulation method is feasible and efficient to optimize the design of shielding gas flow field. Based on the above research results, the following conclusions can be drawn: the CFD simulation technology can effectively optimize the structural design of the torch nozzle, significantly improve the shielding gas utilization efficiency in the narrow gap groove GMAW welding process, and enhance the stability of welding quality. This study not only validates the important role of the simulation method in the improvement of welding process, but also provides a new idea and technical reference for the design of welding nozzle structure and the control of shielding gas flow field in the future welding field.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-02-26